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What is Knee Replacement Surgery and When is it apt for a Patient?

What is Knee Replacement Surgery and When is it apt for a Patient?

Knee pain is one of the leading causes of reduced mobility in adults, especially as they age. While medications, physiotherapy, and lifestyle changes help in the early stages, some patients eventually need surgical intervention for long-lasting relief. One of the most successful procedures in modern orthopaedics is knee replacement surgery.

This blog explains what knee replacement surgery is, the different types available, and when it becomes the right option for a patient.

What is Knee Replacement Surgery?

Knee replacement surgery, also called knee arthroplasty, is a procedure in which damaged parts of the knee joint are removed and replaced with artificial components (implants or prosthesis).

The goal is to:

  • Relieve chronic pain
  • Restore mobility
  • Improve quality of life

The prosthesis is designed to function like a natural knee joint, allowing patients to walk, climb stairs, and return to daily activities with less discomfort.

Types of Knee Replacement Surgery

Depending on the patient’s condition, doctors may recommend:

 1. Total Knee Replacement (TKR):

  • The most common type.
  • Both sides of the knee joint (thigh bone end and shin bone end) are replaced.
  • Suitable for patients with severe arthritis affecting the whole knee.

2. Partial Knee Replacement (PKR):

  • Only the damaged part of the knee (inner, outer, or kneecap) is replaced.
  • Preserves more natural bone and tissue.
  • Recommended for patients with damage limited to one part of the knee.

3. Revision Knee Replacement:

  • Performed when a previous knee replacement wears out, fails, or causes complications.

4. Robotic-Assisted Knee Replacement:

  • Uses advanced robotics for precision and faster recovery.
  • Increasingly popular due to improved alignment and outcomes.

When is Knee Replacement Apt for a Patient?

Doctors usually recommend knee replacement surgery when non-surgical treatments are no longer effective. It becomes apt for a patient under the following conditions:

1. Severe Osteoarthritis:

  • The most common reason for knee replacement.
  • Cartilage between bones wears away, causing bone-to-bone friction.
  • Leads to pain, stiffness, and difficulty walking.

2. Rheumatoid Arthritis:

  • An autoimmune condition causing inflammation and damage to the knee joint.
  • Surgery may be needed if medications and therapy fail to control symptoms.

3. Post-Traumatic Arthritis:

  • Occurs after an injury or fracture to the knee joint.
  • If pain and deformity persist despite treatment, knee replacement may be required.

4. Persistent Pain and Stiffness:

  • Pain that is constant—even at rest or during sleep.
  • Stiffness that makes everyday activities like climbing stairs, sitting, or standing difficult.

5. Limited Mobility or Deformity:

  • Patients who struggle with walking short distances or need support (walker/cane).
  • Bow-legged or knock-knee deformities due to advanced joint damage.

6. Failure of Conservative Treatments:

  • When medications, physiotherapy, weight management, and injections no longer provide relief.

Who is the Right Candidate for Knee Replacement?

  • Age is typically 50–80 years (though younger patients with severe arthritis may also qualify).
  • X-rays show advanced joint damage.
  • Daily activities are severely limited due to pain and stiffness.
  • Patient is otherwise healthy enough for surgery and recovery.

Doctors evaluate medical history, physical examination, and imaging tests (X-rays, MRI) before recommending surgery.

Benefits of Knee Replacement Surgery

  • Pain Relief: Most patients report significant or complete pain reduction.
  • Improved Mobility: Easier walking, climbing stairs, and daily tasks.
  • Better Quality of Life: Restores independence and activity levels.
  • Long-Lasting Results: Modern implants can last 15–20 years or more.
  • High Success Rate: One of the most reliable orthopaedic surgeries.

Conclusion

Knee replacement surgery is a safe, effective, and life-changing procedure for patients suffering from severe arthritis, deformity, or disabling knee pain. It becomes apt when conservative methods fail, and quality of life is significantly impacted.

If you or a loved one struggles with chronic knee pain that affects daily life, consult an experienced orthopaedic surgeon. A timely knee replacement can restore independence, mobility, and confidence.